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Enhanced adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes using cigarette butt-based adsorbents: Insights into mechanism, kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics

  • Environmental Engineering
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Abstract

The present study provides an eco-friendly and economical way to recycle discarded cigarette butts (CBs). The raw CBs were treated with NaOH (CB-B) and integrated with chitosan (Cs), and further applied as an adsorbent for the removal of synthetic dyes. Two common cationic dyes of methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) and one anionic dye of reactive blue 19 (RB 19) were selected as model adsorbates. The study results revealed that CB-B showed a high adsorption ability toward cationic dyes, while the CB-B/Cs composite exhibited a stronger affinity for the anionic RB 19. The adsorption of all selected dyes onto CB-B and CB-B/Cs was a spontaneous exothermic process, conforming to the pseudo-first-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacities for MB, CV and RB 19 at pH of 7, an adsorbent dosage of 4, and a temperature of 25 °C were 89.85, 82.41, and 304.49 mg/g, respectively. The primary adsorption mechanism was physical adsorption with the participation of electrostatic attraction. The CB-based adsorbents displayed high reusability, maintaining more than 75% after four consecutive cycles of reuse. This study demonstrates the promising application potential of CB-based adsorbents for treating synthetic dyes in wastewater. The conversion of CBs into a useful high-value material has special significance for environmental engineering.

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Abbreviations

BET:

Bruner-Emmett-Teller

CB-B:

cigarette butts modified with NaOH

CBs:

cigarette butts

Cs:

chitosan

CV:

crystal violet

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared reflectance spectroscopy

MB:

methylene blue

PZC:

point of zero charge

RB 19:

reactive blue 19

SEM:

scanning electron microscopy

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

Ce :

concentration of dye at equilibrium [mg/L]

Co :

initial concentration of the dyes before adsorption [mg/L]

k1 :

rate constant of pseudo first order adsorption [1/mg]

k2 :

second-order rate constant of adsorption [g/(mg-min)]

Kc :

thermodynamic equilibrium constant

K F :

Freundlich constant [(mg/g)/(mg/L)n]

KL :

Langmuir constant [L/mg]

m:

mass of adsorbent [g]

n:

adsorption intensity of adsorbent

qe :

amount of adsorbate adsorbed at equilibrium [mg/g]

qm :

maximum adsorption capacity [mg/g]

qt :

adsorption capacity of the adsorbent at any time [mg/g]

R:

universal gas constant [J/(mol·K)]

T:

absolute temperature [K]

t:

adsorption time [min]

V:

volume of dye solution [L]

ΔG:

Gibbs free energy change [kJ/mol]

ΔH:

enthalpy change [kJ/mol]

ΔS:

entropy change [J/(mol·K)]

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by Duy Tan University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Faculty of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam

    Thi Kieu Ngan Tran & Van Thuan Le

  2. Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam

    Van Thuan Le

  3. The University of Da Nang, University of Science and Education, 459 Ton Duc Thang st., Lien Chieu, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam

    Tien Hoang Nguyen

  4. Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

    Van Dat Doan

  5. Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea

    Yasser Vasseghian

  6. University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India

    Yasser Vasseghian

  7. School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon

    Yasser Vasseghian

  8. VN-UK Institute for Research and Executive Education, University of Danang, Danang City, 550000, Viet Nam

    Hoang Sinh Le

Authors
  1. Thi Kieu Ngan Tran
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  2. Van Thuan Le
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  3. Tien Hoang Nguyen
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  4. Van Dat Doan
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  5. Yasser Vasseghian
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Van Dat Doan, Yasser Vasseghian or Hoang Sinh Le.

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The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Enhanced adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes using cigarette butt-based adsorbents: Insights into mechanism, kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics

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Tran, T.K.N., Le, V.T., Nguyen, T.H. et al. Enhanced adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes using cigarette butt-based adsorbents: Insights into mechanism, kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 40, 1650–1660 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-022-1373-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-022-1373-z

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